Successful supply chain management relies on purchasing departments?

Typically, they help other departments - identify their needs, manage the requisition process and source competitive prices, and generally act as controllers to ensure adherence to budgets.

To ensure quality and to prevent unethical practices, purchasing is usually separate from receiving and accounts payable.

6 ways the purchasing department can improve business/Top objectives of most business’s purchasing departments:

1. Lower costs:

This is by far the primary function of the purchasing department. A well-run department should allow you to achieve immediate savings by choosing a mix of suppliers who can provide the best prices and terms. In this process, relationships with suppliers who cannot provide the right level of quality at the prices quoted are terminated.

The purchasing department can also provide savings by taking advantage of warranties and discounts often forgotten by non-specialists.

Purchasing can also help you save by providing better transparency in how your company spends. This will, in turn, allow you to negotiate better contracts and free up your cash flow.

2. Reduce risk and ensure the security of supply:

Supply chain management involves sharing and managing risks with suppliers. This can be done by moving the risks to the suppliers who are best able to manage it. Or it can be done through diversification of supply.

The purchasing department has to identify what goods and services are crucial to the company and take the appropriate steps to secure their supply chains accordingly. Often, this comes down to an economic decision, where higher risks can result in lower prices, or vice-versa.

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Rubber Vulcanization

 The vulcanization process of the rubber was discovered in 1839 and the individuals responsible for this discovery were Charles Goodyear in USA and Thomas Hancock in England. Both discovered the use of Sulfur and White Lead as a vulcanization system for Natural Rubber. This discovery was a major technological breakthrough for the advancement of the world economy. Here, we can have a look at the vulcanization process, the chemicals used for vulcanizing and the accelerators.

Vulcanization is a cross linking process in which individual molecules of rubber (polymer) are converted into a three dimensional network of interconnected (polymer) chains through chemical cross links(of sulfur). Vulcanization of rubbers by sulfur alone is an extremely slow and inefficient process. The chemical reaction between sulfur and the Rubber Hydrocarbon occurs mainly at the C = C (double bonds) and each crosslink requires 40 to 55 sulphur atoms (in the absence of accelerator). The process takes around 6 hours at 140°C for completion, which is uneconomical by any production standards. The vulcanizates thus produced are extremely prone to oxidative degradation and do not possess adequate mechanical properties for practical rubber applications. These limitations were overcome through inventions of accelerators which subsequently became a part of rubber compounding formulations as well as subjects of further R&D. Following is the summary of events which led to the progress of ‘Accelerated Sulfur Vulcanization'.In this paper let us discuss about the chemicals used for the vulcanizing and its accelerators. Check out the best Moulded rubber products Manufacturer in Kerala.

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BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTROL AND ITS EFFECT ON ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICIENCY

A business concern has to utilize its resources effectively, in order to achieve its main objective of maximizing profit. Profit maximization depends on planning and controlling of its activities. Budgets and budgetary controls are the tool in the hand of the management for effective utilization of resources.

WHAT IS BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTROL?

BUDGET

A budget is a written plan covering projected activities of a business for a definite future period of time. It is a financial and /or quantitative expression of business plans and policies to be pursued in the future period of time. A Budget is prepared to have effective utilization of funds and for the realization of objectives as effectively as possible.
CIMA defines a budget as, “A budget is a financial and /or quantitative statement, prepared prior to a defined period of time, of the policy to be pursued during that period for the purpose of attaining a given objective.”

BUDGETORY CONTROL

Budgetary control is the process of determining various budgeted figures and comparing them with the actual performance for calculating variances, if any. Comparison of budgeted and actual figures will enable the management to find out discrepancies and take remedial measures at proper time.

OBJECTIVES OF BUDGETING AND BUDGETARY CONTROL   

• Budget helps to formulate a plan of action.
• All the activities of the business are to be coordinated to achieve the objectives. Although different budgets are prepared for different activities, coordination between them can be made possible by preparing a summary budget called Master Budget.
• Budget is a means for the top management to control the business operation centrally. For the proper implementation of the policy and achieving targets, there should be central control and delegation of authority and responsibility to the executives.
• The main objective of the budget is cost control. Cost control is the process of controlling the cost by eliminating wastage. Preparation of budgets helps in the control of cost through comparison.
• Budgeting helps for the fixation of responsibility of executives.
• Budgeting system provides adequate and satisfactory norms of performance over the various activities of the enterprises.
• Budgeting and budgetary control helps to use the assets  and resources of the enterprise most efficiently and effectively.

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Mechanism of Action of Defoamers

 A defoamer or an anti-foaming agent is a chemical additive that reduces and hinders the formation of foam in industrial process liquids. The terms anti-foam agent and defoamer are often used interchangeably. Defoamers eliminate existing foam and anti-foamers prevent the formation of further foam. Commonly used agents are insoluble oils, polydimethylsiloxanes and other silicones, certain alcohols, stearates and glycols. The additive is used to prevent formation of foam or is added to break a foam already formed.

In industrial processes, foams pose serious problems. They cause defects on surface coatings and prevent the efficient filling of containers. A variety of chemical formulae are available to prevent formation of foams.

Generally, a defoamer is insoluble in the foaming medium and has surface active properties. An essential feature of a defoamer product is a low viscosity and a facility to spread rapidly on foamy surfaces. It has affinity to the air-liquid surface where it destabilizes the foam lamellas. This causes rupture of the air bubbles and breakdown of surface foam. Entrained air bubbles are agglomerated, and the larger bubbles rise to the surface of the bulk liquid more quickly. Check out the best ACPL Defoamer Manufacturer in Kerala

Classification of Defoamers

1.Oil-based defoamers

Oil-based defoamers have an oil carrier. The oil might be mineral oil, vegetable oil, white oil or any other oil that is insoluble in the foaming medium, except silicone oil. An oil-based defoamer also contains a wax and/or hydrophobic silica to boost the performance. Typical waxes are ethylene bis stearamide (EBS), paraffin waxes, ester waxes and fatty alcohol waxes. These products might also have surfactants to improve emulsification and spreading in the foaming medium.

These are heavy duty defoamers and are normally best at knocking down surface foam.

2.Powder defoamers

Powder defoamers are in principle oil-based defoamers on a particulate carrier like silica. These are added to powdered products like cement, plaster and detergents.

3.Water-based defoamers

Water-based defoamers are different types of oils and waxes dispersed in a water base. The oils are often mineral oil or vegetable oils and the waxes are long chain fatty alcohol, fatty acid soaps or esters. These are normally best as deaerators, which means they are best at releasing entrained air. 

Silicone-based defoamers

Silicone-based defoamers are polymers with silicon backbones. These might be delivered as an oil or a water-based emulsion. The silicone compound consists of a hydrophobic silica dispersed in a silicone oil. Emulsifiers are added to ensure that the silicone spreads fast and well in the foaming medium. The silicone compound might also contain silicone glycols and other modified silicone fluids. These are also heavy duty defoamers and are good at both knocking down surface foam and releasing entrained air.

Silicone-based defoamers are also suitable in non-aqueous foaming systems like crude oil and oil refining. For very demanding applications fluorosilicones may be suitable.

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EXTRUDED RUBBER PRODUCTS

 What is Extrusion?

Rubber extrusion is a process used to manufacture extruded rubber products. In this process uncured/ un-vulcanized rubber is passed through an extrusion machine to force synthetic or natural rubber material through a shaped die under high pressure. After passing the uncured rubber through the extruder it generates profiles having a fixed cross-sectional area as it passes the die. By changing the die we can manufacture products according to our specifications.

The rubber extruder has two main parts: a heated shearing screw conveyor and a die.

The word “Extrusion” means to “Thrust Out” or to expel.

Extruders are machines which shape rubber to a profiled strip by forcing it through a die.

In the simplest form an extruder consists of four basic components :

• A Drive System
• A Barrel
• A Ram or screw for forcing the rubber through the barrel
• A head holding the die which ultimately gives the desired shape.

RUBBER EXTRUSION AS SERIES OF UNIT OPERATION –

• Role of the Screw: To feed the Die with homogeneous material with appropriate temperature and pressure.
• A rubber extruder is a Screw pump connected to a Die. Generally short control parameters are : Temperature Profile along the barrel, The Thermal Control of the Screw, Screw rotational Speed.
• Output depends on ( for a given set of conditions) : Viscoelastic Properties of the compound, The Temperature and the pressure conditions at the entrance of the Die and the Die Geometry (including the Entrance Region)
• Post Extrusion Behaviour: An Elastic Phenomenon (Die Swell) The extrudate, just after leaving the Die assumes dimensions which are different from those of the orifice (Die). This phenomenon is known as Die swell and is caused by stress relaxation. Check out the best EPDM rubber products manufacturer in Kerala.

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